Starting on the first day of 2005, 12,000 industrial installations across the European Union will find that the days of pumping unlimited amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere are over, as EU-wide regulations spawned by the Kyoto Climate Protocol come into effect. In February, Koster's exchange, which is the world's largest, and its first mandatory, greenhouse-gas trading market, will go live, formalizing a system aimed at fighting global warming. [refers to Shell, BP, American Electric Power, Xerox]