[I]n July 2011, France became the first country in the world to ban fracking...[T]he exploitation of shale gas has led to...cases of chemical and toxic pollution, health consequences for the populations, the wasting of drinking water, destroying lands, earthquakes, and major greenhouse gas emissions...The corporations...have not abandoned their struggle...They are stepping up their initiatives and communications operations to regain political momentum, backed by...experts and media pundits. Pro-fracking articles are flooding the media...What are the tactics pursued by the lobbies and the oil and gas companies? Reopen the debate, insinuate doubt, while using the weaknesses of the existing law to obtain permission to drill and carry out experimental exploration...[C]itizen mobilization persists and develops...[refers to Total, Schuepbach, Shell, Tullow Oli, Noble Energy]