[U]nder structural adjustment programmes, multinational corporations have extracted resources from indigenous territories without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples involved, providing little or no compensation…The lack of procedures to identify and affirm indigenous land rights is exacerbated by…developments that favour…multinational corporations, and “criminalize” indigenous peoples’ protests… Globalization has become a primary cause of conflict between indigenous peoples…transnational corporations (TNCs), the World Bank (WB), International Monetary Fund (IMF)…[C]orporations…are driving a rapacious effort to access and extract the wealth of natural resources from indigenous territories, resulting in...[their] exploitation, expulsion…States have authorized…these incursions, facilitating extractive industries...tourism, pastoral uses and oil palm production…In the oil-producing regions of Ecuador’s northern Amazon, thirty years of Texaco [part of Chevron] oil operations have left a dangerous toxic legacy for indigenous communities…cancer rates are three times higher than the national average…This story is repeated throughout oil-producing areas of the Amazon [also refers to PlusPetrol, Shell]