The campaign to halt ‘conflict diamonds’ began in the early part of the 2000s, several years before Leonardo DiCaprio’s Blood Diamond film...Those of us who worked to create the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme for rough diamonds (KPCS) certainly thought the [diamond mining] industry was well on the road to recovery...And at first it was...So what could possibly go wrong? Plenty, as it turned out...The Kimberley Process would have to be reinvented if it failed, but it doesn’t have to fail. Its foundation – its legal status in 75 jurisdictions – is strong. But it needs an independent third-party monitoring system. It needs to replace its ridiculous decision-making arrangement with something that is adequate to the challenges faced by a vulnerable industry.