Implementation at national level of the 2008 UN Protect, Respect and Remedy Framework and their 2011 Guiding Principles has been very slow, on all continents including Europe which has seen some progress towards National Action Plans. Given the centrality of the State duty to protect, States need to do much more…The UN Framework and Guiding Principles set out clearly that business impacts require a “smart mix” of policy responses that goes beyond voluntary standards and includes regulation. Yet States’ efforts so far have given little attention to legal measures…There is urgency, because…communities and individuals are suffering abuses…as a result of business activity…The growing impatience in many countries has been marked by the Ecuador initiative for a binding instrument and statement to the Human Rights Council supported by 85 States…Drawing from our work with partners in Latin America, Africa and Asia, CIDSE has produced the below Briefing note…