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القصة

27 يناير 2025

Ukrainian Govt exposes foreign technology fuelling Russia's war: Overwhelming majority of manufacturers remain silent

إظهار جميع الإشارات

GUR

On 30 July 2024, the Defence Intelligence of Ukraine (GUR) launched an open database of foreign equipment used by Russia in the production of weapons. As of 27 January 2025, it contains information about 1104 machine tools manufactured by 310 foreign companies, which are used by 167 plants in Russia to make weapons for attacks on Ukraine.

Germany is home to by far the highest number of companies (84 or 27%) whose equipment is used by the Russian Government to manufacture weapons like missiles, bombs, military satellites, military aircrafts and helicopters, warships, artillery and ammunition. It is followed by Taiwan, with 38 companies in the database, USA (30 companies), Italy (23 companies), Switzerland and Japan (21 companies each).

Business & Human Rights Resource Centre reached out to 302 companies whose equipment is listed in the database asking them to comment on its inclusion. We were unable to approach the remaining eight companies due to a lack of publicly available contact information.

We received responses from just 30 companies, 10% of those approached. Among the top six countries represented in the database, companies headquartered in Japan have been the most responsive, recording a 24 % response rate (five responses out of 21). Swiss companies have shown 14% response rate (three companies out of 21). Response rate of German companies constitutes a mere 11 % (nine responses out of 84), while US companies' response rate is even lower at 10 % (three responses out of 30). Companies headquartered in Italy have a response rate of just 4% (one response out of 23).  No companies headquartered in Taiwan provided a response, despite the proliferation of Taiwanese firms in the database.

The most common response we received from companies was that they suspended or stopped all transactions with Russia following its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, in full compliance with sanctions. Some companies, including PerkinElmer (USA), TESCAN (Czech Republic), DISCO Corporation (Japan), PEGAS-GONDA (Czech Republic) and Sawatec (Switzerland), pointed out that the equipment added to the database had been sold to Russia prior to the full-scale invasion. This fact even prompted one company to advise us privately to pay more attention to the facts in future. While Maier Werkzeugmachinen (Germany) chose to accuse us publicly of blackmail stating the following in its official response: “Under no circumstances will we accept to be blackmail[ed] or forced into a situation where we give any information about us or our customers to any other then the German Authorities, especially not an intelligence agency of a foreign country.” Based on the responses we received, most companies do not seem to understand that they are responsible for how their products are used.

Under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), companies are expected to conduct ongoing human rights due diligence (HRDD) to identify and address any human rights impacts associated with their business activities, products and services. In conflict-affected areas businesses should conduct a ‘heightened’ version of HRDD because of heightened risks to human rights in conflict situations. Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine began in 2014. This means all companies that had business relationships with Russia at that time should have started implementing heightened HRDD throughout their supply chains to make sure their products did not contribute to human rights harms.

A few companies managed to provide examples of measures introduced to enhance due diligence in their supply chains. According to Spinner (Germany), when the company becomes aware that a used Spinner CNC machine has been exported to Russia by a third party “then this machine will immediately be noted as “blocked” with its serial number and will be cut off from customer service, software updates, spare parts supply, etc.” Sodick (Japan) reported that prior to each sale of its machinery the company conducts “a thorough investigation of...[its] customer and verif[ies] if...[the] machine tool is intended to be used for civil purpose, not for development of WMD [weapons of mass destruction] or other type of weapons.” Hottinger Brüel & Kjaer (Denmark) said the company seeks “a contractual undertaking from...customers to not sell, export or re-export any of...products to the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus”. However, it is unclear why the company banned users with Ukraine IP addresses from accessing its website.

It should also be noted that the responses varied significantly in the level of detail provided. For example, TMJ Strojírna Jesenice (Czech Republic) simply stated “Machine shown on the video has not been produced in the recent years by our company STROJIRNA JESENICE s.r.o.” without providing any further detail. Even though ONA ELECTROEROSION (Spain) similarly stated the equipment added to the database had never been delivered to Russia, it provided very detailed information from its sales records about all deliveries to Russia to date. The company also reported that as part of an export control assessment it always verifies “that the end user is not on any sanctions or embargo lists, and...require[s] a written statement from the end user as to the specific purpose for which...[the] equipment will be used and that it will be for civilian use only.”

Just two companies ABB (Switzerland) and Kulicke & Soffa (USA) stated they take the concerns we raised very seriously and reported they had initiated internal reviews to gather more information. Both companies also promised to address any findings in accordance with the companies’ compliance procedures, applicable laws and regulations.

This extremely low level of transparency is shocking given that the equipment manufactured by these companies is allegedly used by Russia to make weapons needed for attacks on Ukraine – many of which have been characterised as war crimes because they target civilian infrastructure and result in numerous civilian deaths. According to the President of Ukraine, Russia’s army has committed at least 137,000 war crimes in Ukraine. On 17 March 2023, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued an arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin, the President of Russia, for alleged war crimes involving forced deportation of Ukrainian children. On 24 June 2024, arrest warrants were issued for former Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu and Chief of the General Staff Valery Gerasimov for alleged international crimes, war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Russian army in Ukraine.

All companies which provide Russia with technologies needed for weapons production contribute to these crimes. They also risk being accused of complicity in war crimes. To minimise this risk, it is crucial for companies to take immediate action.

The following recommendations, developed by the Ukrainian Government, include very concrete steps companies should take to enhance due diligence in their supply chains:

  • create a list of equipment (tools, spare parts, technical fluids and software) whose deliveries require enhanced risk-based due diligence;
  • approve and regularly update due diligence procedures taking into account recommendations, red-flags, sanctions circumvention schemes, spread them, oblige their foreign productions, counterparties and contractors to comply with them, introduce liability for violations (including during the sale of used equipment);
  • use GPS trackers to control the end user, remote control systems to shut down the equipment in case of violations;
  • introduce on-site inspections at the place of equipment installation (repair, service, software installation); and
  • respond to detection of new cases of equipment use by aggressors - investigate, investigate supply chains, inform involved parties and governments, take measures to stop supplies.

Recommendations for governments can be found here.

All company responses and non-responses are available below.

ردود الشركة

3 Tooling s.r.o.

لا جواب

3D Systems

لا جواب

ALD Vacuum Technologies

لا جواب

Amada

لا جواب

ANCA

لا جواب

Breton SpA

لا جواب

Brown & Sharpe (part of Hexagon)

لا جواب

Bruel & Kjaer (Brüel & Kjær) عرض الرد
BvL Oberflächentechnik

لا جواب

Bystronic

لا جواب

Chiron Group

لا جواب

Chevalier

لا جواب

CNC-Interservice Zlín

لا جواب

Corial

لا جواب

Dr. Tresky

لا جواب

Drei Bond

لا جواب

Eifeler Vacotec

لا جواب

EKM Jena عرض الرد
EKRA (part of Asys Group)

لا جواب

EMAG SU

لا جواب

EMCO

لا جواب

EOS GmbH

لا جواب

Esmo

لا جواب

Eurotherm

لا جواب

Fedek Machine (part of LNS)

لا جواب

FFG Group

لا جواب

FIMAT

لا جواب

FICEP

لا جواب

Atlas Copco عرض الرد
Fives Group

لا جواب

FPT Industrie

لا جواب

Force One Machinery

لا جواب

Fritz Studer

لا جواب

GEA Group

لا جواب

HELLER Machine Tools Ltd.

لا جواب

GF Machining Solutions

لا جواب

GLEASON

لا جواب

Guhring

لا جواب

Haas Automation

لا جواب

Hankook

لا جواب

Hanwa Co., Ltd

لا جواب

Hardinge Inc.

لا جواب

Hedelius Maschinenfabrik

لا جواب

Hermle

لا جواب

HIWIN

لا جواب

HGG Group

لا جواب

Hexagon

لا جواب

HSD Mechatronics

لا جواب

Hurco

لا جواب

Hwacheon

لا جواب

Hyundai WAI

لا جواب

Index Traub

لا جواب

Junker Group

لا جواب

Kao Fong Machinery

لا جواب

Kelch GmbH

لا جواب

Kemper

لا جواب

Kjellberg Finsterwalde

لا جواب

KNUTH Werkzeugmaschinen

لا جواب

Kovosvit Mas

لا جواب

Losma

لا جواب

Litz Hitech

لا جواب

Macro Micro Tech

لا جواب

Mag-Autoblok Tecnomagnete

لا جواب

MAHO

لا جواب

Matec

لا جواب

Matsuura Machinery Corporation

لا جواب

MicroStep

لا جواب

Mikromat

لا جواب

Nakamura-Tome

لا جواب

Namsun Machinery Corporation

لا جواب

Nexturn

لا جواب

OC Oerlikon

لا جواب

Okuma

لا جواب

Optacom

لا جواب

Paul Koster

لا جواب

Pietro Carnaghi

لا جواب

Printprocess

لا جواب

Produtech

لا جواب

Proma

لا جواب

Reiden Technik

لا جواب

Rittal

لا جواب

Rohde & Schwarz

لا جواب

Rösler

لا جواب

Schaublin

لا جواب

Schenck RoTec GmbH عرض الرد
Schuler

لا جواب

Smart Machine Tool

لا جواب

SMEC (part of Samsung Engineering Company)

لا جواب

Tmj Strojírna Jesenice عرض الرد
SNT Dynamics

لا جواب

Starrag Group

لا جواب

Stäubli

لا جواب

Tacchi Giacomo e Figli

لا جواب

Takisawa

لا جواب

Tongtai

لا جواب

Disco Corporation عرض الرد
DMS CNC Makina

لا جواب

DN Solutions

لا جواب

Dr. Heinrich Schneider Messtechnik

لا جواب

Tos Varnsdorf

لا جواب

Toshulin

لا جواب

Trens SK

لا جواب

Trimos SA

لا جواب

Trumpf

لا جواب

VaTechnology

لا جواب

Volter

لا جواب

Victor Taichung Machinery Works

لا جواب

Vomat

لا جواب

Waldrich Coburg

لا جواب

Walter + Bai AG

لا جواب

Walter Maschinenbau

لا جواب

Wele Mechatronic

لا جواب

Wenzel Group

لا جواب

Willemin-Macodel

لا جواب

Yamazaki Mazak

لا جواب

Zhe Jiang Headman Machinery

لا جواب

ZEISS

لا جواب

Zoller

لا جواب

Maier Werkzeugmachinen عرض الرد
PerkinElmer عرض الرد
Mitsubishi Electric (part of Mitsubishi Group) عرض الرد
DMG MORI CO.,LTD عرض الرد
Spinner عرض الرد
Ona Electroerosion عرض الرد
Pegas-Gonda عرض الرد
Akira Seiki

لا جواب

Alicona

لا جواب

AquaComp Hard (part of Kovofinis)

لا جواب

Aquarese

لا جواب

Arcam

لا جواب

Barload Machine

لا جواب

Behringer

لا جواب

Bettersize

لا جواب

BMI

لا جواب

CHMER

لا جواب

Bowas-Induplan

لا جواب

Cleveland Tool and Machine

لا جواب

Citizen Machinery

لا جواب

Consarc

لا جواب

Denver Industrial

لا جواب

Duerr NDT

لا جواب

ELB Schliff

لا جواب

Electro Optical Systems (EOS GmbH)

لا جواب

Electrotherm Industry

لا جواب

Elenix

لا جواب

Engineered Pressure Systems International (EPSI)

لا جواب

ESSEMTEC

لا جواب

Erfurt

لا جواب

Frejoth International

لا جواب

Farsoon Technologies

لا جواب

Fronius

لا جواب

GDW Werkzeugmaschinen

لا جواب

Grindex

لا جواب

Hartford

لا جواب

Hoffmann

لا جواب

Hauser Tripet (part of Hardinge)

لا جواب

Huffman (part of Optomec)

لا جواب

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik

لا جواب

Hydraulico

لا جواب

JTEKT Machinery

لا جواب

KASTO Maschinenbau

لا جواب

Keyence

لا جواب

Keysight Technologies

لا جواب

Kitamura Machinery

لا جواب

LAC

لا جواب

Liburdi Automation

لا جواب

Linn High Therm

لا جواب

Lorenz (part of Liebherr)

لا جواب

Magerle

لا جواب

Mape CNC Machines

لا جواب

Metabo

لا جواب

MCM Group عرض الرد
MIVA Technologies

لا جواب

Muototera

لا جواب

Niigata Machine Techno

لا جواب

Officine E. Biglia & C. S.P.A.

لا جواب

Olivetti

لا جواب

OMAX Corporation

لا جواب

Optomec

لا جواب

Pittler T&S

لا جواب

Po Ly Gim Machinery

لا جواب

Polysoude

لا جواب

Prima Power

لا جواب

PTV

لا جواب

Quaser

لا جواب

Ray Feng Machinery

لا جواب

Reishauer عرض الرد
RICO

لا جواب

Sanco (part of FFG)

لا جواب

Sarix

لا جواب

Siempelkamp

لا جواب

Stephen Bader

لا جواب

Stratasys

لا جواب

Takamatsu Machinery

لا جواب

TAV S.p.A.

لا جواب

Terchy Environmental Technology

لا جواب

T-M Vacuum Products

لا جواب

Toyoda

لا جواب

ULVAC

لا جواب

Water Jet Sweden

لا جواب

Wematech

لا جواب

WFL

لا جواب

Winbro

لا جواب

WMW Heckert

لا جواب

Zeptools

لا جواب

ABAC

لا جواب

ACB

لا جواب

Alzmetall

لا جواب

Angstrom Engineering

لا جواب

Aristech

لا جواب

Binder

لا جواب

Coord3

لا جواب

Deratech

لا جواب

Diener Electronic

لا جواب

Dongling Technologies

لا جواب

Elma Schmidbauer

لا جواب

Equitop (part of FFG Group)

لا جواب

ERSA

لا جواب

East Space Light (ESL)

لا جواب

Falcon Machine Tools (part of Chevalier)

لا جواب

Fehlmann

لا جواب

FMB

لا جواب

FPS Werkzeugmaschinen

لا جواب

Waygate Technologies (formerly GE Inspection Technologies) عرض الرد
Giuseppe Giana

لا جواب

Gosan

لا جواب

Hach

لا جواب

Hidrogarne

لا جواب

Houfek

لا جواب

Hüller Hille

لا جواب

Huvitz

لا جواب

Innovatest

لا جواب

KB Pruftechnik GmbH

لا جواب

Lam Plan

لا جواب

LBBC Technologies

لا جواب

Link Precision

لا جواب

Kulicke & Soffa عرض الرد
Machinery Scandinavia

لا جواب

Maxion

لا جواب

Metronor عرض الرد
Microcut (part Buffalo Machinery)

لا جواب

MicroXact

لا جواب

Mora Metrology

لا جواب

Makino

لا جواب

NeoDen

لا جواب

Niles-Simmons

لا جواب

Ningbo Blin Mashinery

لا جواب

Palmary

لا جواب

Pluritec

لا جواب

Pfeiffer Vacuum

لا جواب

ScanMaster Systems

لا جواب

Schmoll Maschinen

لا جواب

Shell-O-Matic

لا جواب

Sawatec عرض الرد
Sunmill

لا جواب

Sunnen

لا جواب

SVCS Process Innovation

لا جواب

Tajmac-Zps

لا جواب

Thermotron

لا جواب

TOS Celakovice

لا جواب

TOS Hostivar

لا جواب

TWS Automation

لا جواب

Tztek

لا جواب

Vortex

لا جواب

Weiler

لا جواب

Orbotech

لا جواب

BISS (Bangalore Integrated System Solutions)

لا جواب

Abene Machine AB

لا جواب

CNC-Takang

لا جواب

Concept Laser (part of General Electric)

لا جواب

Dalian (ZWA)

لا جواب

ELTRA

لا جواب

ETS Solutions

لا جواب

Hurise

لا جواب

Jagular Industry

لا جواب

Microrep

لا جواب

PCB Piezotronics

لا جواب

Pinnacle

لا جواب

Scantech

لا جواب

Siemens عرض الرد
SMT Company AB

لا جواب

TA Instruments

لا جواب

Zwick Roell Group

لا جواب

Nabertherm

لا جواب

Heidelberg Instruments عرض الرد

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