In the past, development finance was largely the purview of the public sector. Today, however, private sector business activities and public development finance are increasingly interconnected and intertwined. Over $100 billion dollars annually is being channeled to business activities in developing and emerging markets by government donors and international financial institutions (IFIs). As IFIs and donors increasingly turn to the private sector to meet development objectives, the implications for the business and human rights agenda are significant. By understanding the unique structure and leverage points of these financial flows, business and human rights advocates can better ensure that human rights are respected and protected, and that corporate abuses are remedied. Unfortunately, too often business and human rights advocacy is disconnected from advocacy around development finance and IFIs. This factsheet aims to bridge this gap by identifying 10 reasons why IFIs and development finance matter for business and human rights.