...This Memorandum Opinion addresses 1) whether claims of torture; cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment ("CIDT"); and war crimes are actionable under the ATS [Alien Tort Statute]; 2) if so, the applicable sources of law for defining the prohibitions; and 3) whether such claims are actionable against private parties...Having set forth the legal standard for the ATS under which this litigation will proceed, the Court will issue an appropriate order directing defendants to file a motion challenging subject matter jurisdiction...