In this briefing paper, BankTrack examines whether private sector banks may have contributed to adverse human rights impacts through their provision of finance. The paper explores eight cases of human rights abuses and the relationship and responsibilities of the banks providing financing to the projects. These cases include:

• Dakota Access Pipeline, United States. See here for responses received from banks to a statement by Rainforest Action Network (RAN) questioning banks' financing of the Dakota Access Pipeline given the human rights concerns. Responses received from Wells Fargo, Mizuho, TD Bank & Citigroup to the RAN statement.

•  Trans Mountain Pipeline Expansion Project, Canada
• We invited TD Bank and Royal Bank of Canada to respond; responses provided below

• Agua Zarca hydroelectic project, Honduras. See here for more information about this case, including an earlier response from Desarrollos Energéticos (DESA) and the announcement that FMO and Finnfund finalized their exit from the project in July 2017.

• Phnom Penh Sugar, Cambodia
• We invited ANZ Bank to respond; response provided below
• See here for an earlier story about this case.

• Drummond and paramilitary violence, Colombia
• We invited BNP Paribas, Citigroup, Drummond, HSBC, Mizuho Financial & Wells Fargo to respond; responses provided below
• We invited Bank of America & BBVA to respond; they did not respond
• See here for an earlier related story.

• Finance for cluster munitions, International
• We invited BPCE Group, Citigroup, Morgan Stanley & Wells Fargo to respond; responses provided below
• We invited  Bank of America, Bank of China, Hanwha, Mitsubishi UFJ, Norinco, Orbital ATK, Poongsan & Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group to respond; they did not respond
• We invited Goldman Sachs & JPMorgan Chase to respond; they declined to respond
• China Aerospace Science and Industry could not be reached

• Bank support for illegal settlements, Palestinian territories. See here for more information about Human Rights Watch's report calling on Israeli banks to cease activities in settlements, including a response from AXA. Israeli banks contacted by the Resource Centre for comment did not respond.

• Secret loans scandel, Mozambique
• We invited Credit Suisse to respond; response provided below
• We invited VTB Bank to respond; it did not respond

[also refers to Energy Transfer Partners, Kinder Morgan, Phnom Penh Sugar & Textron]