...[T]he [United Nations] Declaration on Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)...has become the universal standard on the rights of indigenous peoples. ...A major pillar of UNDRIP is the principle of Free, Prior, Informed Consent (FPIC),  which enshrine[s] the right to consent of indigenous peoples over culture, land, property, resources, and conservation, and which provide guidelines for a process of engagement and negotiation between indigenous peoples and the state. ...In Ecuador, ...the country’s 2008 constitution..guarantees the right to Free, Prior, Informed Consultation, [but it] refuses to codify the right to consent, effectively rejecting the right of indigenous peoples to say no to government-imposed extraction projects on their ancestral territory, and has even failed to enact legal regulations to implement the constitutional guarantee to consultation...In some instances, no consultation takes place...with tragic results. A recent conflict between the Shuar indigenous people and the Chinese state-run Explorcobres (EXSA) over a planned copper mine in the country’s southeastern Amazon region turned violent, leaving several Shuar injured and resulting in the death of one police officer....