On 9 May 2023, Greenpeace Italy, ReCommon and 12 Italian citizens filed a lawsuit against the fossil fuel company for its alleged contribution to the climate crisis. The plaintiffs alleged that the oil company caused harm due to "violations of their human rights to life, health, and private and family life." Greenpeace also accused ENI of violating the Paris Agreement, to which Italy is a signatory. The filing was the first climate lawsuit brought against a private company in Italy.

On 26 July 2023, Greenpeace Italy and ReCommon announced ENI had filed a SLAPP against them, accusing the organisations of defamation. The company is seeking a minimum of 50,000 euros in damages from each organisation. In response to the SLAPP, Greenpeace and ReCommon stated they will not be intimidated or cease their advocacy work.