Multinational mining and gas companies have invested billions of dollars in Mozambique in the past ten years...But without adequate safeguards, the explosive growth of the mining sector could lead to human rights violations and squander an opportunity to reduce widespread poverty. In coal-rich Tete province, local communities displaced and resettled...due to coal operations owned by mining companies Vale and Rio Tinto have faced significant and sustained disruptions in accessing food, water, and work…There has also been...a lack of...mechanisms for participation in decision-making, expression of complaints, and redress of grievances...Vale and Rio Tinto have made private and public commitments to improve resettled communities’ standard of living…Despite these improvements, provision of the full promised compensation and infrastructure improvements…have been delayed…New resettlements, including those planned by Jindal Steel and Power Limited and Rio Tinto will provide an important test of the effectiveness of evolving safeguards. [refers to Beacon Hill Resources, Riversdale, Minas de Revuboè, Mozambi Coal]