"Latin America Heads to Climate Summit with Uneven Progress", 25 October 2017

...Difficult to measure and unequal in their scope are the advances that the countries of Latin America will have to show, regarding their voluntary commitments to greenhouse gas emissions, during the climate summit to be hosted by Bonn, Germany in November. The so-called intended nationally-determined contributions (INDCs) are considered insufficient to reach the goal of stabilising the planetary temperature rise at two degrees Celsius. But the region also has contradictory policies, such as increasing the extraction of fossil fuels while at the same time promoting the use of renewable energies. "There are countries that have made progress with respect to their commitments, although it is a bit difficult to say how much. It is not so easy to measure. It depends on the ability of each government to do so. Some countries are more transparent and exhaustive than others," Lisa Viscidi, director of the Energy, Climate Change and Extractive Industries Programme at the Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington-based organisation, told IPS. Throughout 2015, the 195 State parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change...presented their INDCs with their voluntary commitments to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs), which were incorporated into the binding Paris Agreement, in December...[2015]...The Climate Action Tracker (CAT)...gives Brazil, Mexico and Peru an "insufficient" rating, Argentina a "highly insufficient" rating, and Chile a "critically insufficient" rating – the countries of the region included in the analysis...