Mining operations often occur in the most disadvantaged areas in the world, encountering some of the most vulnerable children, with profound and diverse impacts. UNICEF research conducted in 2013-14 found that the mining sector can have both adverse and positive impacts on children...impacts on children are seen as low risk and therefore not often hardwired into company risk management processes, for example site-based risk registers. However, children will make up the very communities that companies will have to negotiate with in 10 – 20 years’ time. Failing to take impacts on children seriously where and when they occur jeopardizes the ability for companies to secure the support of the next generation. In order to address this knowledge and management gap, UNICEF has developed the  ‘Child Rights and Mining Toolkit. Best practices for addressing children’s issues in large-scale mining’ which includes key actions and indicators to consider for integrating child rights into impact assessments, stakeholder engagement processes and to address salient impacts including in relation to in-migration, resettlement, safety and health, security, environment, community investment initiatives.