...

Due diligence efforts often fall short when addressing labor abuses beyond the first tier of the supply chain—that is, the suppliers’ suppliers. Transparentem’s investigation into conditions on Indian cotton farms, which represent the raw material level of the apparel supply chain, uncovered alarming indicators of forced labor as defined by the International Labor Organization (ILO). Transparentem also found instances of child labor, including, in some cases, the worst form of child labor. Some children were exposed to hazardous pesticides and some directly handled these toxic substances.

Through our investigation, Transparentem linked investigated farms to the supply chains of one of three different suppliers, either directly or indirectly. These three suppliers were then linked to 60 global brands. Transparentem shared its findings with the suppliers and buyers, prompting many of them to initiate remediation efforts. We continue to engage with these suppliers and buyers to advance meaningful remediation strategies.

Buyers’ and suppliers’ responsibilities extend across all levels of their supply chains. By extending robust social compliance efforts to the raw materials level, companies can safeguard vulnerable workers in the cotton sector from exploitation. Achieving this goal requires a collaborative approach involving workers, farm owners, suppliers, governments, and NGOs. This approach can sustain improvements in working conditions and children’s meaningful access to education.

For an in-depth analysis of these findings and related insights, please see the detailed report.  Summary information is provided below.

...