The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the State Governments of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh, in collaboration with the international nonprofit organization PATH, are implementing a cervical cancer prevention project in India. The project’s objective is to generate critical data...about whether and how...to introduce HPV vaccines into public sector immunization programs...Similar HPV vaccine operational studies are being conducted in Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam,..HPV vaccination should be considered...a part of the comprehensive cervical cancer prevention strategy along with screening...The HPV vaccines currently used in this project are licensed in India and in at least 100 other countries...definitive information on how long protection will last will not be available for some years. However, recently published data show no waning of protective effect up to five to seven years after vaccination.