"How do Syrian refugee workers challenge supply chain management in the Turkish garment industry?"

[...] In this paper, a general picture of the employment of Syrian refugees in Turkey will be provided...it is important to understand the relations between the informal and formal sectors in Turkey and how such relations have affected the survival strategies of Syrian refugees...one should analyse how the participation of Syrian refugees in the informal economy has changed these historical relations between formal and informal employment in the Turkish textile-apparel sector. Rather than solely objectifying refugees as a vulnerable group, paying attention to their contribution to industrial relations is crucial in order to acknowledge refugees as active agents capable of changing their lives and the structures within which they operate. Syrian refugees follow a survival strategy based on their social networks that also affects and changes the living and working conditions of local people, as well as existing labour relations...The aim of this paper is to clarify the reasons behind the low level of applications for work permits from Syrian refugees residing in Turkey in 2016...[and] to understand the factors that lead to an unwillingness of behalf of employers to legally employ Syrian refugees.[...]