"Sacrifice Zones for Sustainability, Green Extractivism and the Struggle for a Just Transition", October 2023

The study "Sacrifice Zones for Sustainability, Green Extractivism and the Struggle for a Just Transition" by the European Environmental Bureau and Catapa presents a comparative analysis of case studies focused on material extraction of minerals for the energy transition in  different regions, specifically highlighting Barroso in Portugal, alongside Finland, Sweden, and Bolivia. Each case illustrates the unique socio-environmental challenges and opportunities associated with mining activities, particularly in the context of the global transition to cleaner energy sources.

Barroso, Portugal

In Barroso, the proposed "Mina do Barroso" project has sparked significant debate among local communities. The region is characterized by its rich agricultural heritage and biodiversity, with a substantial portion of its land targeted for mining activities. The study reveals a divide among residents: some view mining as a potential economic boom that could create jobs, others express deep concerns about the environmental impacts and the threat to their traditional way of life. Moreover, the study highlights the conflicting dynamics between the company and the local community, with the latter allegedly disregarding the concerns from the community. The region's unique cultural practices, such as communal grazing systems, are at risk, raising questions about the sustainability of such economic pursuits.

Finland

In Finland, the case study explores the implications of mining for critical minerals necessary for the energy transition. The Finnish government has actively promoted mining as a means to secure resources for green technologies. However, this has led to tensions with indigenous communities, particularly the Sámi people, who rely on the land for traditional livelihoods. The study highlights the need for inclusive decision-making processes that respect indigenous rights and environmental protections.

Sweden

The Swedish case focuses on the balance between mining and environmental sustainability. Sweden has positioned itself as a leader in sustainable mining practices, emphasizing the importance of minimizing ecological footprints while meeting the demand for minerals. The study examines how Sweden's regulatory framework aims to integrate environmental considerations into mining operations, showcasing a model that other countries might emulate.

Bolivia

In Bolivia, the case study addresses the country's role as a significant player in the global supply of lithium, a key component in electric vehicle batteries. The Bolivian government has sought to leverage its lithium resources for economic development, but this has raised concerns about the environmental impacts of extraction and the rights of local communities. The study emphasizes the need for equitable resource management that benefits local populations while safeguarding the environment.

The full study can be accessed here.