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História

28 Out 2024

Ukrainian Govt exposes foreign technology fuelling Russia's war: Overwhelming majority of manufacturers remain silent

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GUR

On 30 July 2024, the Defence Intelligence of Ukraine (GUR) launched an open database of foreign equipment used by Russia in the production of weapons. As of 27 January 2025, it contains information about 1104 machine tools manufactured by 310 foreign companies, which are used by 167 plants in Russia to make weapons for attacks on Ukraine.

Germany is home to by far the highest number of companies (84 or 27%) whose equipment is used by the Russian Government to manufacture weapons like missiles, bombs, military satellites, military aircrafts and helicopters, warships, artillery and ammunition. It is followed by Taiwan, with 38 companies in the database, USA (30 companies), Italy (23 companies), Switzerland and Japan (21 companies each).

Business & Human Rights Resource Centre reached out to 302 companies whose equipment is listed in the database asking them to comment on its inclusion. We were unable to approach the remaining eight companies due to a lack of publicly available contact information.

We received responses from just 29 companies, 10% of those approached. Among the top six countries represented in the database, companies headquartered in Japan have been the most responsive, recording a 24 % response rate (five responses out of 21). Swiss companies have shown 14% response rate (three companies out of 21). Response rates of US and German companies constitute a mere 10 % (three responses out of 30 and eight responses out of 84). Companies headquartered in Italy have a response rate of just 4% (one response out of 23).  No companies headquartered in Taiwan provided a response, despite the proliferation of Taiwanese firms in the database.

The most common response we received from companies was that they suspended or stopped all transactions with Russia following its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, in full compliance with sanctions. Some companies, including PerkinElmer (USA), TESCAN (Czech Republic), DISCO Corporation (Japan), PEGAS-GONDA (Czech Republic) and Sawatec (Switzerland), pointed out that the equipment added to the database had been sold to Russia prior to the full-scale invasion. This fact even prompted one company to advise us privately to pay more attention to the facts in future. While Maier Werkzeugmachinen (Germany) chose to accuse us publicly of blackmail stating the following in its official response: “Under no circumstances will we accept to be blackmail[ed] or forced into a situation where we give any information about us or our customers to any other then the German Authorities, especially not an intelligence agency of a foreign country.” Based on the responses we received, most companies do not seem to understand that they are responsible for how their products are used.

Under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), companies are expected to conduct ongoing human rights due diligence (HRDD) to identify and address any human rights impacts associated with their business activities, products and services. In conflict-affected areas businesses should conduct a ‘heightened’ version of HRDD because of heightened risks to human rights in conflict situations. Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine began in 2014. This means all companies that had business relationships with Russia at that time should have started implementing heightened HRDD throughout their supply chains to make sure their products did not contribute to human rights harms.

A few companies managed to provide examples of measures introduced to enhance due diligence in their supply chains. According to Spinner (Germany), when the company becomes aware that a used Spinner CNC machine has been exported to Russia by a third party “then this machine will immediately be noted as “blocked” with its serial number and will be cut off from customer service, software updates, spare parts supply, etc.” Sodick (Japan) reported that prior to each sale of its machinery the company conducts “a thorough investigation of...[its] customer and verif[ies] if...[the] machine tool is intended to be used for civil purpose, not for development of WMD [weapons of mass destruction] or other type of weapons.” Hottinger Brüel & Kjaer (Denmark) said the company seeks “a contractual undertaking from...customers to not sell, export or re-export any of...products to the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus”. However, it is unclear why the company banned users with Ukraine IP addresses from accessing its website.

It should also be noted that the responses varied significantly in the level of detail provided. For example, TMJ Strojírna Jesenice (Czech Republic) simply stated “Machine shown on the video has not been produced in the recent years by our company STROJIRNA JESENICE s.r.o.” without providing any further detail. Even though ONA ELECTROEROSION (Spain) similarly stated the equipment added to the database had never been delivered to Russia, it provided very detailed information from its sales records about all deliveries to Russia to date. The company also reported that as part of an export control assessment it always verifies “that the end user is not on any sanctions or embargo lists, and...require[s] a written statement from the end user as to the specific purpose for which...[the] equipment will be used and that it will be for civilian use only.”

Just two companies ABB (Switzerland) and Kulicke & Soffa (USA) stated they take the concerns we raised very seriously and reported they had initiated internal reviews to gather more information. Both companies also promised to address any findings in accordance with the companies’ compliance procedures, applicable laws and regulations.

This extremely low level of transparency is shocking given that the equipment manufactured by these companies is allegedly used by Russia to make weapons needed for attacks on Ukraine – many of which have been characterised as war crimes because they target civilian infrastructure and result in numerous civilian deaths. According to the President of Ukraine, Russia’s army has committed at least 137,000 war crimes in Ukraine. On 17 March 2023, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued an arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin, the President of Russia, for alleged war crimes involving forced deportation of Ukrainian children. On 24 June 2024, arrest warrants were issued for former Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu and Chief of the General Staff Valery Gerasimov for alleged international crimes, war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Russian army in Ukraine.

All companies which provide Russia with technologies needed for weapons production contribute to these crimes. They also risk being accused of complicity in war crimes. To minimise this risk, it is crucial for companies to take immediate action.

The following recommendations, developed by the Ukrainian Government, include very concrete steps companies should take to enhance due diligence in their supply chains:

  • create a list of equipment (tools, spare parts, technical fluids and software) whose deliveries require enhanced risk-based due diligence;
  • approve and regularly update due diligence procedures taking into account recommendations, red-flags, sanctions circumvention schemes, spread them, oblige their foreign productions, counterparties and contractors to comply with them, introduce liability for violations (including during the sale of used equipment);
  • use GPS trackers to control the end user, remote control systems to shut down the equipment in case of violations;
  • introduce on-site inspections at the place of equipment installation (repair, service, software installation); and
  • respond to detection of new cases of equipment use by aggressors - investigate, investigate supply chains, inform involved parties and governments, take measures to stop supplies.

Recommendations for governments can be found here.

All company responses and non-responses are available below.

Respostas da empresa

3 Tooling s.r.o.

Sem resposta

3D Systems

Sem resposta

ALD Vacuum Technologies

Sem resposta

Amada

Sem resposta

ANCA

Sem resposta

Breton SpA

Sem resposta

Brown & Sharpe (part of Hexagon)

Sem resposta

Bruel & Kjaer (Brüel & Kjær) Ver resposta
BvL Oberflächentechnik

Sem resposta

Bystronic

Sem resposta

Chiron Group

Sem resposta

Chevalier

Sem resposta

CNC-Interservice Zlín

Sem resposta

Corial

Sem resposta

Dr. Tresky

Sem resposta

Drei Bond

Sem resposta

Eifeler Vacotec

Sem resposta

EKM Jena Ver resposta
EKRA (part of Asys Group)

Sem resposta

EMAG SU

Sem resposta

EMCO

Sem resposta

EOS GmbH

Sem resposta

Esmo

Sem resposta

Eurotherm

Sem resposta

Fedek Machine (part of LNS)

Sem resposta

FFG Group

Sem resposta

FIMAT

Sem resposta

FICEP

Sem resposta

Atlas Copco Ver resposta
Fives Group

Sem resposta

FPT Industrie

Sem resposta

Force One Machinery

Sem resposta

Fritz Studer

Sem resposta

GEA Group

Sem resposta

HELLER Machine Tools Ltd.

Sem resposta

GF Machining Solutions

Sem resposta

GLEASON

Sem resposta

Guhring

Sem resposta

Haas Automation

Sem resposta

Hankook

Sem resposta

Hanwa Co., Ltd

Sem resposta

Hardinge Inc.

Sem resposta

Hedelius Maschinenfabrik

Sem resposta

Hermle

Sem resposta

HIWIN

Sem resposta

HGG Group

Sem resposta

Hexagon

Sem resposta

HSD Mechatronics

Sem resposta

Hurco

Sem resposta

Hwacheon

Sem resposta

Hyundai WAI

Sem resposta

Index Traub

Sem resposta

Junker Group

Sem resposta

Kao Fong Machinery

Sem resposta

Kelch GmbH

Sem resposta

Kemper

Sem resposta

Kjellberg Finsterwalde

Sem resposta

KNUTH Werkzeugmaschinen

Sem resposta

Kovosvit Mas

Sem resposta

Losma

Sem resposta

Litz Hitech

Sem resposta

Macro Micro Tech

Sem resposta

Mag-Autoblok Tecnomagnete

Sem resposta

MAHO

Sem resposta

Matec

Sem resposta

Matsuura Machinery Corporation

Sem resposta

MicroStep

Sem resposta

Mikromat

Sem resposta

Nakamura-Tome

Sem resposta

Namsun Machinery Corporation

Sem resposta

Nexturn

Sem resposta

OC Oerlikon

Sem resposta

Okuma

Sem resposta

Optacom

Sem resposta

Paul Koster

Sem resposta

Pietro Carnaghi

Sem resposta

Printprocess

Sem resposta

Produtech

Sem resposta

Proma

Sem resposta

Raith Ver resposta
Reiden Technik

Sem resposta

Rittal

Sem resposta

Rohde & Schwarz

Sem resposta

Rösler

Sem resposta

Schaublin

Sem resposta

Schenck RoTec GmbH Ver resposta
Schuler

Sem resposta

Smart Machine Tool

Sem resposta

SMEC (part of Samsung Engineering Company)

Sem resposta

Sodick Ver resposta
Tescan Ver resposta
Tmj Strojírna Jesenice Ver resposta
SNT Dynamics

Sem resposta

Starrag Group

Sem resposta

Stäubli

Sem resposta

Tacchi Giacomo e Figli

Sem resposta

Takisawa

Sem resposta

Tongtai

Sem resposta

Fanuc Ver resposta
Disco Corporation Ver resposta
DMS CNC Makina

Sem resposta

DN Solutions

Sem resposta

Dr. Heinrich Schneider Messtechnik

Sem resposta

Tos Varnsdorf

Sem resposta

Toshulin

Sem resposta

Trens SK

Sem resposta

Trimos SA

Sem resposta

Trumpf

Sem resposta

VaTechnology

Sem resposta

Volter

Sem resposta

Victor Taichung Machinery Works

Sem resposta

Vomat

Sem resposta

Waldrich Coburg

Sem resposta

Walter + Bai AG

Sem resposta

Walter Maschinenbau

Sem resposta

Wele Mechatronic

Sem resposta

Wenzel Group

Sem resposta

Willemin-Macodel

Sem resposta

Yamazaki Mazak

Sem resposta

Zhe Jiang Headman Machinery

Sem resposta

ZEISS

Sem resposta

Zoller

Sem resposta

Maier Werkzeugmachinen Ver resposta
PerkinElmer Ver resposta
Mitsubishi Electric (part of Mitsubishi Group) Ver resposta
DMG MORI CO.,LTD Ver resposta
Spinner Ver resposta
Ona Electroerosion Ver resposta
Pegas-Gonda Ver resposta
Akira Seiki

Sem resposta

Alicona

Sem resposta

AquaComp Hard (part of Kovofinis)

Sem resposta

Aquarese

Sem resposta

Arcam

Sem resposta

Barload Machine

Sem resposta

Behringer

Sem resposta

Bettersize

Sem resposta

BMI

Sem resposta

CHMER

Sem resposta

Bowas-Induplan

Sem resposta

Cleveland Tool and Machine

Sem resposta

Citizen Machinery

Sem resposta

Consarc

Sem resposta

Denver Industrial

Sem resposta

Duerr NDT

Sem resposta

ELB Schliff

Sem resposta

Electro Optical Systems (EOS GmbH)

Sem resposta

Electrotherm Industry

Sem resposta

Elenix

Sem resposta

Engineered Pressure Systems International (EPSI)

Sem resposta

ESSEMTEC

Sem resposta

Erfurt

Sem resposta

Frejoth International

Sem resposta

Farsoon Technologies

Sem resposta

Fronius

Sem resposta

GDW Werkzeugmaschinen

Sem resposta

Grindex

Sem resposta

Hartford

Sem resposta

Hoffmann

Sem resposta

Hauser Tripet (part of Hardinge)

Sem resposta

Huffman (part of Optomec)

Sem resposta

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik

Sem resposta

Hydraulico

Sem resposta

JTEKT Machinery

Sem resposta

KASTO Maschinenbau

Sem resposta

Keyence

Sem resposta

Keysight Technologies

Sem resposta

Kitamura Machinery

Sem resposta

LAC

Sem resposta

Liburdi Automation

Sem resposta

Linn High Therm

Sem resposta

Lorenz (part of Liebherr)

Sem resposta

Magerle

Sem resposta

Mape CNC Machines

Sem resposta

Metabo

Sem resposta

MCM Group Ver resposta
MIVA Technologies

Sem resposta

Muototera

Sem resposta

Niigata Machine Techno

Sem resposta

Officine E. Biglia & C. S.P.A.

Sem resposta

Olivetti

Sem resposta

OMAX Corporation

Sem resposta

Optomec

Sem resposta

Pittler T&S

Sem resposta

Po Ly Gim Machinery

Sem resposta

Polysoude

Sem resposta

Prima Power

Sem resposta

PTV

Sem resposta

Quaser

Sem resposta

Ray Feng Machinery

Sem resposta

Reishauer Ver resposta
RICO

Sem resposta

Sanco (part of FFG)

Sem resposta

Sarix

Sem resposta

Siempelkamp

Sem resposta

Stephen Bader

Sem resposta

Stratasys

Sem resposta

Takamatsu Machinery

Sem resposta

TAV S.p.A.

Sem resposta

Terchy Environmental Technology

Sem resposta

T-M Vacuum Products

Sem resposta

Toyoda

Sem resposta

ULVAC

Sem resposta

Water Jet Sweden

Sem resposta

Wematech

Sem resposta

WFL

Sem resposta

Winbro

Sem resposta

WMW Heckert

Sem resposta

Zeptools

Sem resposta

ABAC

Sem resposta

ACB

Sem resposta

Alzmetall

Sem resposta

Angstrom Engineering

Sem resposta

Aristech

Sem resposta

Binder

Sem resposta

Coord3

Sem resposta

Deratech

Sem resposta

Diener Electronic

Sem resposta

Dongling Technologies

Sem resposta

Elma Schmidbauer

Sem resposta

Equitop (part of FFG Group)

Sem resposta

ERSA

Sem resposta

East Space Light (ESL)

Sem resposta

Falcon Machine Tools (part of Chevalier)

Sem resposta

Fehlmann

Sem resposta

FMB

Sem resposta

FPS Werkzeugmaschinen

Sem resposta

Waygate Technologies (formerly GE Inspection Technologies) Ver resposta
Giuseppe Giana

Sem resposta

Gosan

Sem resposta

Hach

Sem resposta

Heidelberg Instruments

Sem resposta

Hidrogarne

Sem resposta

Houfek

Sem resposta

Hüller Hille

Sem resposta

Huvitz

Sem resposta

Innovatest

Sem resposta

KB Pruftechnik GmbH

Sem resposta

Lam Plan

Sem resposta

LBBC Technologies

Sem resposta

Link Precision

Sem resposta

Kulicke & Soffa Ver resposta
Machinery Scandinavia

Sem resposta

Maxion

Sem resposta

Metronor Ver resposta
Microcut (part Buffalo Machinery)

Sem resposta

MicroXact

Sem resposta

Mora Metrology

Sem resposta

Makino

Sem resposta

NeoDen

Sem resposta

Niles-Simmons

Sem resposta

Ningbo Blin Mashinery

Sem resposta

Palmary

Sem resposta

Pluritec

Sem resposta

Pfeiffer Vacuum

Sem resposta

ScanMaster Systems

Sem resposta

Schmoll Maschinen

Sem resposta

Shell-O-Matic

Sem resposta

Sawatec Ver resposta
Sunmill

Sem resposta

Sunnen

Sem resposta

SVCS Process Innovation

Sem resposta

Tajmac-Zps

Sem resposta

Thermotron

Sem resposta

TOS Celakovice

Sem resposta

TOS Hostivar

Sem resposta

TWS Automation

Sem resposta

Tztek

Sem resposta

Vortex

Sem resposta

Weiler

Sem resposta

Orbotech

Sem resposta

BISS (Bangalore Integrated System Solutions)

Sem resposta

Abene Machine AB

Sem resposta

CNC-Takang

Sem resposta

Concept Laser (part of General Electric)

Sem resposta

Dalian (ZWA)

Sem resposta

ELTRA

Sem resposta

ETS Solutions

Sem resposta

Hurise

Sem resposta

Jagular Industry

Sem resposta

Microrep

Sem resposta

PCB Piezotronics

Sem resposta

Pinnacle

Sem resposta

Scantech

Sem resposta

Siemens Ver resposta
SMT Company AB

Sem resposta

TA Instruments

Sem resposta

Zwick Roell Group

Sem resposta

Nabertherm

Sem resposta

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