Oxfam study reveals exploitation of migrant workers in German supermarket supply chains; incl. company comments
摘要
日期: 2022年6月13日
地点: 哥斯达黎加
企业
Grupo Acón - Supplier , REWE Group - Buyer , Lidl - Buyer其他
Not Reported ( 职业介绍所 ) - Employer受影响的
受影响的总人数: 数字未知
外劳和移民工人: ( 数字未知 - 尼加拉瓜 , 农业和畜牧 , Gender not reported )议题
Occupational Health & Safety , Right to Unionisation , 结社自由 , Dismissal , Freedom of Assembly , Wage Theft , Social Security回应
已邀请回应：是，由Oxfam
回应的外部链接： (查看更多)
后续行动: REWE assessed the events as a clear violation of applicable law and the moral and ethical principles of the company. It announced that there would be consequences if the violations were unambiguously proven. Lidl was the only supermarket that disclosed its suppliers for pineapples, bananas, and wine from the countries in question in response to Oxfam Germany’s request. It stated that every direct and indirect business partner of Lidl was required to respect the company’s Code of Conduct if it wished to remain a partner over the long term.
信息来源: NGO
摘要
日期: 2022年6月13日
地点: 哥斯达黎加
企业
Del Monte Foods - Parent Company其他
Not Reported ( 农业/食品/饮料/烟草/渔业：一般 ) - Employer受影响的
受影响的总人数: 数字未知
外劳和移民工人: ( 数字未知 - 尼加拉瓜 , 农业/食品/饮料/烟草/渔业：一般 , Women , Documented migrants )议题
Wage Theft , Denial of leave回应
Response sought: 否
信息来源: NGO
摘要
日期: 2022年6月13日
地点: 哥斯达黎加
企业
Finca Once - Supplier , Lidl - Buyer其他
Not Reported ( 职业介绍所 ) - Employer受影响的
受影响的总人数: 数字未知
外劳和移民工人: ( 数字未知 - 尼加拉瓜 , 农业/食品/饮料/烟草/渔业：一般 , Women , Documented migrants )议题
Poverty Wages回应
已邀请回应：是，由Oxfam
回应的外部链接： (查看更多)
后续行动: Finca Once denies that it hires farmworkers over contratistas and claims it is in full compliance with the requirements of the minimum wage law.
信息来源: NGO
摘要
日期: 2022年6月13日
地点: 哥斯达黎加
其他
Not Reported ( 农业/食品/饮料/烟草/渔业：一般 ) - Employer受影响的
受影响的总人数: 数字未知
外劳和移民工人: ( 数字未知 - 尼加拉瓜 , 农业/食品/饮料/烟草/渔业：一般 , Women , Documented migrants )议题
Occupational Health & Safety , 疾病回应
Response sought: 否
信息来源: NGO
摘要
日期: 2022年6月13日
地点: 哥斯达黎加
企业
Bellavista Fresh - Employer , Edeka Group - Buyer受影响的
受影响的总人数: 数字未知
外劳和移民工人: ( 数字未知 - 尼加拉瓜 , 农业/食品/饮料/烟草/渔业：一般 , Women , Documented migrants )议题
性别歧视 , Occupational Health & Safety回应
已邀请回应：是，由Oxfam
回应的外部链接： (查看更多)
后续行动: Edeka stated that it had no contractual relationship with the firms Upala Agrícola or Cítricos Bellavista. Oxfam’s research, however, was able to clearly trace the boxes of fruit in the Edeka store back to both enterprises using the GlobalGAPnumber printed on the box. One gets the impression that Edeka does not see itself as responsible for the abuses uncovered. The supermarket merely stated that all farms, from which their supplier intermediaries bought fruit, had to be certified by either GlobalGAP or Rainforest Alliance. It asserted that the governmental authorities in the producer’s country were responsible for investigating allegedly criminal conduct such as the payment of wages below the lawful minimum wage—a statement which once again underscores the company’s misconception of what constitutes meeting its due diligence obligations. Oxfam Germany has seen evidence of this misconception at Edeka for many years now. When pressed by us, the company finally said that it would take the allegations seriously and investigate
信息来源: NGO
摘要
日期: 2022年6月13日
地点: 哥斯达黎加
企业
Edeka Group - Buyer , Upala Agrícola. - Supplier , Lidl - Buyer其他
Not Reported ( 职业介绍所 ) - Employer受影响的
受影响的总人数: 数字未知
外劳和移民工人: ( 数字未知 - 尼加拉瓜 - 未知行业 , Gender not reported , Documented migrants )议题
Poverty Wages回应
已邀请回应：是，由Oxfam
回应的外部链接： (查看更多)
后续行动: Upala Agrícola denies that it hires farmworkers over contratistas and claims it is in full compliance with the requirements of the minimum wage law.
信息来源: NGO
摘要
日期: 2022年6月13日
地点: 哥斯达黎加
企业
Jardín del Tigre - Employer , ALDI South - Buyer , Fyffes - Supplier受影响的
受影响的总人数: 数字未知
外劳和移民工人: ( 数字未知 - 尼加拉瓜 , 农业/食品/饮料/烟草/渔业：一般 , Women , Documented migrants )议题
Social Security , Failing to renew visas回应
已邀请回应：是，由Oxfam
回应的外部链接： (查看更多)
后续行动: LDI South claimed that it had no knowledge of the allegations concerning the Fyffes banana supplier Jardín del Tigre and entered into a dialogue with the company. It said it would, if necessary, conduct an on-site review itself.
信息来源: NGO
"No limits to exploitation – migrant workers in the supply chains of German supermarkets", June 2022 [German original published 1 March 2022]
For plantation owners and companies, migrant workers are cheaper than local workers. Moreover, it is often more difficult for migrants to stand up for their rights, as they not only lose their jobs but are also at risk of deportation. Therefore, they are most affected by human and labour rights violations such as violence and exploitation, especially women.
This research uses four case studies to trace the supply chains of large German supermarkets back to the farms and growing areas. Based on on-site research and interviews with workers, the situation of migrants in pineapple and banana farming in Costa Rica and in the wine and table grape sector in South Africa is examined.
The results of the case studies show: fruits sold in German supermarkets like Rewe, Aldi, Lidl and Edeka are grown under inhumane working conditions. Migrants in particular are exploited:
- Many workers receive significantly less than the legally prescribed minimum wage - even on certified plantations.
- Contrary to legal requirements, piecework of more than twelve hours is a reality for many workers.
- The study also describes cases of trade union repression, sexual exploitation, inadequate protection against pesticides and other labour rights violations in Costa Rica and South Africa.
The German supermarkets - above all the four supermarket giants Aldi, Edeka, Lidl and Rewe - exert enormous price pressure on the farms in their supply chains through their market power. This makes them partly responsible for the conditions on the plantations. But not all supermarkets are willing to take responsibility. Therefore, the German government must lobby at the EU level for a strong legal regulation on human rights due diligence. It also needs to ambitiously implement the German Supply Chain Act, which was passed in 2021.
Note: Oxfam wrote to all the companies mentioned in this study in February 2022 to ask for their comments. Responses can be found on page 30 and following pages of the report.