In the fall of 2022, The New York Times spoke to nearly three dozen Nepalis — current and former construction workers in Qatar and members of their families — to learn what their lives are like now and what is next for them. Most had worked on construction projects related to the World Cup, including stadiums and other infrastructure that supported Qatar’s development boom.

After enduring at times exploitative or dangerous conditions, many workers said they remained stuck in poverty and debt, with no choice but to continue to work abroad, whatever the risks.