On 2 December 2014, NGO members of the "CAUSE Coalition" called "upon the 41 Governments that compose the Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies, to take action and address the alarming proliferation of surveillance technologies available to repressive countries involved in committing systematic human rights violations."  

They said: "This trade results in unlawful surveillance, which often leads to further human rights violations including invasions of privacy, arbitrary arrest and detention, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the silencing of free expression, preventing political participation, and crushing offline and online dissent". 

Members of CAUSE are: Amnesty International; Digitale Gesellschaft; FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights); Human Rights Watch; Open Technology Institute; Privacy International; Reporters sans frontieres.