Depending on ConocoPhillips’s course of action, the company will emerge either as a leader in the field of corporate social responsibility among the oil industry in Latin America or become the subject of visible criticisms, campaigns, and legal actions brought by a growing group of civil society organizations, indigenous federations and institutional shareholders. Focusing on the enormous stretch of land under ConocoPhillips’ control in Peru, this report details some of the downside risks facing the company and provides concrete recommendations for consideration.