This research updates a 2011 study for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation called Forced labour in Northern Ireland. It investigates the prevalence of forced labour over the past few years and looks at how the issue is being addressed. The research: finds evidence of exploitation in more employment sectors than the 2011 report identified, suggesting the number of people affected by forced labour in Northern Ireland is growing; identifies what progress has been made in tackling forced labour since 2011 and what challenges remain;makes a number of recommendations to government, including specific changes to policies and approaches.