[The] violence witnessed in the mining sector this year stems from "underlying social problems that remain", says Anglo American's CEO Cynthia Carroll. "The violence...has its seeds in the legacy of apartheid...The curse of unemployment means that mine workers often have many other people who are economically dependent on them." Carroll said the history of the migrant labour system loosened the bonds of family life and dislocated communities. "The brutalisation of human relationships that occurred under apartheid ... all of these factors can be seen in the turmoil and tragedy we have experienced this year."