...[In] conflict-affected and high-risk areas, companies involved in mining and trade in minerals have the potential to generate income, growth and prosperity; sustain livelihoods; and foster local development. In such situations, companies may also be at risk of contributing to or being associated with significant adverse impacts, including serious human-rights abuses and conflict. The Tungsten Industry—Conflict Minerals Commitment (TI-CMC) is a framework designed to provide those concerned, e.g., industry stakeholders, downstream tungsten consumers with conflict-mineral reporting and disclosure obligations, and the public at large, with assurances that tungsten products originating from TI-CMC-compliant companies are conflict free.