"Eyes on the price: International supermarket buying groups in Europe", 15 March 2017

... This briefing paper sheds some light on how IBGs work, how they contribute to supermarket buying power and how they might affect market conditions – including the relationship between supermarkets and their suppliers. It will look more closely at how two prominent IBGs work: European Marketing Distribution (EMD) and Associated Marketing Services (AMS). The findings are intended to support civil society organisations that are working towards improving environmental and social standards in food and agricultural supply chains. Ultimately, this report aims to influence and improve both the policies and the practices of retailers, as well as EU policy to ensure fair and sustainable food supply chains globally...