Over the past five years, the South African government has taken some noteworthy steps to address the adverse impacts of gold mining, but it has failed to live up to many relevant human rights obligations...As a result, mining has not only created environmental and health risks, but it has also prevented community members from realizing numerous human rights...Mitigating the environmental, health, and human rights impacts of gold mining in the West and Central Rand will require a significant commitment from the South African government. The government will need to employ practical and legal fixes, improve interactions with local communities, and adopt an overarching plan that is coordinated and comprehensive. Communities and mining companies should contribute to these efforts, including by bringing to the task an open mind and a willingness to cooperate.