abusesaffiliationarrow-downarrow-leftarrow-rightarrow-upattack-typeburgerchevron-downchevron-leftchevron-rightchevron-upClock iconclosedeletedevelopment-povertydiscriminationdollardownloademailenvironmentexternal-linkfacebookfiltergenderglobegroupshealthC4067174-3DD9-4B9E-AD64-284FDAAE6338@1xinformation-outlineinformationinstagraminvestment-trade-globalisationissueslabourlanguagesShapeCombined Shapeline, chart, up, arrow, graphLinkedInlocationmap-pinminusnewsorganisationotheroverviewpluspreviewArtboard 185profilerefreshIconnewssearchsecurityPathStock downStock steadyStock uptagticktooltiptwitteruniversalityweb

このページは 日本語 では利用できません。English で表示されています

記事

2016年9月14日

著者:
African Refiners Association

African Refiners Association's (ARA) letter in response to Public Eye report

....On page 132, your report suggests that many countries without refineries could tighten their specifications without delay. This ignores the reality of how products are distributed. For example, the Abidjan refinery serves as a hub for the movement of products throughout the region. Mali and Burkina take products from Abidjan by rail and road, and small cargoes are delivered from Abidjan by sea to Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea. If these countries tighten their import specifications independently from the Abidjan refinery they eliminate this source of supply and will incur significant additional logistics costs...It may not change the emissions much: The age of the African vehicle fleet is much older than Europe. This means the majority of engine and exhaust management technologies used in the African vehicle fleet are designed for fuels of a quality supplied in Europe 10 years ago. In addition, only a handful of African countries have any vehicle exhaust emission controls, and none are properly enforced. Therefore the benefits of any clean fuels supplied, in practice, does not improve air quality as much as expected. Fuels and vehicles must be considered as one “integrated system” and not in isolation. In addition, the lack of strict controls on second-hand vehicle imports does not assist in achieving the desired air quality improvements...

タイムライン

プライバシー情報

このサイトでは、クッキーやその他のウェブストレージ技術を使用しています。お客様は、以下の方法でプライバシーに関する選択肢を設定することができます。変更は直ちに反映されます。

ウェブストレージの使用についての詳細は、当社の データ使用およびクッキーに関するポリシーをご覧ください

Strictly necessary storage

ON
OFF

Necessary storage enables core site functionality. This site cannot function without it, so it can only be disabled by changing settings in your browser.

クッキーのアナリティクス

ON
OFF

When you access our website we use Google Analytics to collect information on your visit. Accepting this cookie will allow us to understand more details about your journey, and improve how we surface information. All analytics information is anonymous and we do not use it to identify you. Google provides a Google Analytics opt-out add on for all popular browsers.

Promotional cookies

ON
OFF

We share news and updates on business and human rights through third party platforms, including social media and search engines. These cookies help us to understand the performance of these promotions.

本サイトにおけるお客様のプライバシーに関する選択

このサイトでは、必要なコア機能を超えてお客様の利便性を高めるために、クッキーやその他のウェブストレージ技術を使用しています。